What was the primary goal of Progressive Era legal reforms?
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Analyze how progressive legal ideas influenced reforms in labor, antitrust law, and social justice policies.
Mastering this deck will deepen your understanding of how Progressive Era legal reforms shaped modern U.S. law, enhancing your ability to analyze policy changes and their legal foundations. This knowledge supports advanced legal reasoning and critical analysis of current social justice and regulatory issues.
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| # | Front | Back | Hint |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What was the primary goal of Progressive Era legal reforms? | To address social injustices, promote economic fairness, and regulate big business through legal and legislative measures. | Think social justice + regulation |
| 2 | Which legislation established the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to regulate unfair business practices? | The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914. | FTC = Federal Trade Commission |
| 3 | How did the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 differ from the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890? | The Clayton Act provided specific prohibitions on certain anti-competitive practices and exempted labor unions from being considered illegal combinations, strengthening antitrust enforcement. | Clayton = Specific rules, labor unions protected |
| 4 | What role did the Sherman Antitrust Act play in Progressive Era reforms? | It was the first federal legislation to prohibit trusts and monopolies, serving as a basis for antitrust enforcement during the era. | Sherman = Trust buster |
| 5 | Which Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of the Clayton Antitrust Act? | U.S. v. American Tobacco Co. (1911) affirmed some antitrust provisions, but the Clayton Act itself was passed afterward to strengthen antitrust laws. | Look for cases around trust busting |
| 6 | How did progressive reforms influence labor laws during the era? | They led to the establishment of regulations improving working conditions, minimum wages, and limiting child labor, exemplified by laws like the Keating-Owen Act. | Labor laws + worker protections |
| 7 | What was the significance of the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916? | It was the first federal law restricting child labor, aiming to protect children's health and prevent exploitation. | Child labor law |
| 8 | How did the concept of social justice influence Progressive Era legislation? | It motivated laws aimed at reducing economic inequality, improving workers’ rights, and expanding access to education and health services. | Social justice = fairness & equality |
| 9 | Which New Deal legislation was a direct continuation of Progressive Era efforts to regulate labor and economy? | The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935, which protected workers' rights to unionize and bargain collectively. | Wagner = labor rights |
| 10 | What was the purpose of the Hepburn Act of 1906? | To strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) and give it authority to regulate railroad rates and practices. | Hepburn = regulate railroads |
| 11 | How did Progressive Era reforms address issues of economic concentration? | Through antitrust laws like the Sherman and Clayton Acts, aimed at breaking up monopolies and promoting competition. | Break up trusts |
| 12 | What role did muckraking journalism play in Progressive Era reforms? | It exposed corporate abuses and social injustices, inspiring legislative action and public support for reforms. | Muckrakers = investigative journalists |
| 13 | Which legislation aimed to improve public health and sanitation during the Progressive Era? | The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, which regulated food safety and labeling. | Food safety law |
| 14 | In what way did the 16th Amendment reflect Progressive Era ideals? | It authorized federal income tax, promoting economic equality and providing revenue for social programs. | 16th = income tax |
| 15 | How did the 17th Amendment alter the election of U.S. Senators? | It established the direct election of Senators by the people, reducing corruption and increasing democratic accountability. | Direct election |
| 16 | What was the significance of the National Consumer League during the Progressive Era? | It advocated for fair labor standards, consumer protection, and social justice reforms. | Consumer protection + social justice |
| 17 | How did the era's legal reforms impact women’s rights? | Progressive reforms supported women's suffrage, culminating in the 19th Amendment, and improved working conditions for women. | Women’s suffrage + labor |
| 18 | What was the purpose of the Mann Act of 1910? | To prohibit interstate transportation of women for immoral purposes, reflecting social reform efforts. | Mann Act = morality law |
| 19 | How did the legal concept of 'public interest' influence Progressive legislation? | It justified government intervention in economic and social matters to promote the common good. | Public interest = government role |
| 20 | What was the significance of the Wisconsin Idea in Progressive reforms? | A policy emphasizing reliance on experts and research to craft effective public policies, exemplified by Robert La Follette’s leadership. | Wisconsin = reform lab |
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