What is the primary correction method for myopia?
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This deck equips learners with a comprehensive understanding of the various correction methods for refractive errors, enabling informed decision-making for patient management and surgical planning in clinical practice.
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| # | Front | Back | Hint |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What is the primary correction method for myopia? |
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Correction strategies for myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia, including glasses, contact lenses, and surgery.
Glasses with concave (minus) lenses are the primary correction method for myopia, as they diverge light rays to focus images properly on the retina. |
| Think 'minus' lenses for 'near-sighted' eyes. |
| 2 | How do convex lenses correct hyperopia? | Convex (plus) lenses converge light rays to help focus images directly on the retina, correcting hyperopia. | Convex = converging light, hyperopia = difficulty focusing on near objects. |
| 3 | What type of contact lens is commonly used to correct astigmatism? | Toric contact lenses are used to correct astigmatism as they have different powers in different meridians to correct irregular corneal curvature. | Toric lenses = tailored for irregular shapes. |
| 4 | Which surgical procedure is commonly performed to correct myopia and hyperopia? | Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is the most common surgical procedure to reshape the cornea and correct myopia and hyperopia. | LASIK = 'Laser-Assisted' correction. |
| 5 | What is presbyopia, and how is it typically corrected? | Presbyopia is age-related decline in accommodation leading to difficulty focusing on near objects, corrected with reading glasses or multifocal lenses. | Presbyopia = 'Old age vision change.' |
| 6 | Name a surgical option for presbyopia correction. | Presbyopia can be corrected surgically with procedures like monovision LASIK or corneal inlays to improve near vision. | Surgical monovision = one eye for distance, one for near. |
| 7 | What are the main advantages of contact lenses over glasses? | Contact lenses provide a wider field of vision, do not fog or get splattered, and are preferred in active or aesthetic contexts. | Advantages include mobility and aesthetics. |
| 8 | Describe the difference between rigid gas-permeable (RGP) and soft contact lenses. | RGP lenses are durable, provide sharper vision, and are suitable for irregular corneas, whereas soft lenses are more comfortable and easier to adapt to. | Rigid = sharper; soft = comfort. |
| 9 | What is orthokeratology (Ortho-K) and its purpose? | Orthokeratology involves wearing specially designed rigid contact lenses overnight to temporarily reshape the cornea and correct myopia. | Ortho-K = overnight corneal reshaping. |
| 10 | Which surgical procedure involves removing a corneal flap and reshaping the stroma? | LASIK involves creating a corneal flap and then using an excimer laser to reshape the underlying stroma. | LASIK = flap + laser reshaping. |
| 11 | What is photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and how does it differ from LASIK? | PRK removes the corneal epithelium and reshapes the stroma without creating a flap, suitable for thinner corneas; LASIK involves creating a flap before reshaping. | PRK = surface ablation; LASIK = flap procedure. |
| 12 | What are the potential risks of refractive surgery? | Risks include dry eyes, glare, halos, under- or over-correction, infection, and in rare cases, loss of best-corrected vision. | Consider all risks before surgery. |
| 13 | When is contact lens use contraindicated? | Contact lens use is contraindicated in active eye infections, severe dry eye, or if the patient cannot maintain proper hygiene. | Infections and poor hygiene = no contact lenses. |
| 14 | What is the role of atropine drops in managing refractive errors? | Atropine drops are used to slow myopia progression in children by relaxing accommodation and reducing axial elongation. | Atropine slows myopia progression. |
| 15 | What is the main difference between hyperopia correction with glasses and contact lenses? | Both use convex lenses, but contact lenses offer a more natural field of view and less peripheral distortion. | Contact lenses = natural vision, glasses = peripheral distortion. |
| 16 | Which factor influences the choice between glasses and contact lenses for a patient? | Factors include patient age, lifestyle, corneal health, compliance, and personal preference. | Choose based on lifestyle and health. |
| 17 | How does astigmatism affect vision, and how is it corrected? | Astigmatism causes blurred or distorted vision due to irregular corneal or lens curvature, corrected with toric lenses or refractive surgery. | Irregular shape = blurred vision. |
| 18 | What are multifocal or bifocal glasses used for in refractive correction? | They are used to correct presbyopia by providing multiple focal points for near and distance vision. | Multifocal = multiple distances. |
| 19 | Can laser refractive surgery correct presbyopia? | Laser procedures can be combined with monovision or multifocal strategies to improve near vision in presbyopic patients, but they do not fully restore accommodation. | Partial correction, not true accommodation. |
| 20 | What is the concept of 'monovision' in refractive correction? | Monovision involves correcting one eye for distance and the other for near vision to reduce dependence on reading glasses. | One eye for each distance. |
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