What is the primary characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) according to DSM-5?
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By mastering this deck, learners will be able to accurately identify, differentiate, and understand the diagnostic criteria of various developmental disorders, enhancing clinical assessment skills and improving diagnostic accuracy in practice.
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| 1 | What is the primary characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) according to DSM-5? |
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Learn key features and diagnostic criteria of common developmental disorders to aid clinical understanding and assessments.
ASD is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. |
| Think social deficits + repetitive behaviors. |
| 2 | Which diagnostic criteria are essential for diagnosing ADHD in DSM-5? | Presence of persistent pattern of inattentiveness and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning, with symptoms present before age 12, lasting at least 6 months, in two or more settings. | Consider age of onset and settings involved. |
| 3 | How does DSM-5 define Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)? | Significant limitations in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem-solving) and adaptive behavior, originating during the developmental period, typically before age 18. | Think: IQ deficits + adaptive behavior limitations. |
| 4 | What are the core features of Specific Learning Disorder as per DSM-5? | Persistent difficulties in reading, writing, or math skills that are below expected age levels, despite interventions, causing significant interference with academic or occupational performance. | Focus on academic skills and persistence despite support. |
| 5 | Which criteria distinguish Communication Disorders in DSM-5? | Persistent deficits in language, speech, and communication that interfere with social, academic, or occupational functioning, including language disorder, speech sound disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering), and social (pragmatic) communication disorder. | Remember: different types of communication difficulties. |
| 6 | What is the key difference between Rett Syndrome and other autism spectrum disorders? | Rett Syndrome primarily affects females and is caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene; it involves loss of acquired skills, hand-wringing, and severe cognitive impairment, with a distinct genetic etiology. | Think genetic mutation + characteristic regression. |
| 7 | When is Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) diagnosed according to DSM-5? | A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months, with symptoms directed toward peers, adults, or authority figures, causing impairment. | Consider oppositional behavior lasting over half a year. |
| 8 | What distinguishes Conduct Disorder from Oppositional Defiant Disorder? | Conduct Disorder involves more severe behaviors violating societal norms and the rights of others, such as aggression, destruction of property, deceitfulness, or theft, whereas ODD is primarily defiant and argumentative without severe rule violations. | Think severity and rule-breaking. |
| 9 | What are the diagnostic features of Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (stuttering) in DSM-5? | Persistent difficulties in speech fluency, such as repetitions, prolongations, or blocks, that cause distress or impairment, typically evident before age 6. | Focus on speech disruptions in early childhood. |
| 10 | How does DSM-5 define Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder? | Persistent difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication, such as greeting, sharing information, or adapting language to context, without the restricted interests or repetitive behaviors seen in ASD. | Think: social use of language without repetitive behaviors. |
| 11 | What is the typical age of onset for Autism Spectrum Disorder according to DSM-5? | Symptoms are evident in the early developmental period, typically before age 3, although they may not be fully recognized until later. | Early childhood is the key period. |
| 12 | Which developmental disorder is characterized by deficits in motor coordination and is often comorbid with other conditions? | Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), characterized by marked impairment in motor coordination that interferes with daily activities and academic performance. | Think: motor skills lagging behind peers. |
| 13 | What are the key features of Stereotypic Movement Disorder? | Repetitive, seemingly driven, and purposeless motor behaviors such as hand-flapping, rocking, or head-bacing, causing distress or impairment, often in the context of other developmental disorders. | Repetitive movements without function. |
| 14 | How does DSM-5 categorize Tic Disorders? | Tic disorders include Tourette's Disorder, Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, and Provisional Tic Disorder, distinguished by the number, types, and duration of tics, with Tourette's requiring both motor and vocal tics lasting over a year. | Think: type and duration of tics. |
| 15 | What is the main feature of Intellectual Disability severity levels in DSM-5? | Severity is based on adaptive functioning rather than IQ scores alone, categorized as mild, moderate, severe, or profound, depending on support needs and daily functioning capabilities. | Focus on adaptive skills rather than just IQ. |
| 16 | What distinguishes Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) from other neurodevelopmental disorders? | FASD results from prenatal alcohol exposure, leading to growth deficiencies, craniofacial anomalies, and neurobehavioral problems, with characteristic facial features and cognitive impairments. | Think prenatal exposure effects. |
| 17 | Which developmental disorder involves persistent deficits in social communication without restricted or repetitive behaviors? | Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder, characterized by difficulties in social use of language, without the repetitive behaviors typical of ASD. | Focus on social language use without other ASD features. |
| 18 | What are the core criteria for diagnosing Tourette's Disorder in DSM-5? | Presence of multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, not necessarily concurrently, lasting over a year, with onset before age 18, causing distress or impairment. | Think: multiple tics over time. |
| 19 | How does DSM-5 define Global Developmental Delay? | A diagnosis for children under 5 when assessment indicates significant delays in multiple developmental domains, but the severity cannot be reliably assessed until the child is older. | Early delay in multiple areas with uncertain severity. |
| 20 | What is the primary concern in Rett Syndrome, and how is it diagnosed? | Rett Syndrome involves regression of acquired skills, hand-wringing, and severe cognitive impairment, diagnosed based on clinical criteria and confirmed by MECP2 gene mutation testing, primarily affecting females. | Genetic mutation + regression in girls. |
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