What are the core criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) according to DSM-5?
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Mastering these criteria enhances your ability to accurately identify and differentiate major mental disorders, improving diagnostic precision and supporting effective treatment planning in clinical practice or examinations.
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| 1 | What are the core criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) according to DSM-5? |
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Learn diagnostic criteria for common disorders to accurately recognize and apply DSM guidelines in clinical or exam settings.
At least five of the following symptoms present during the same 2-week period, representing a change from previous functioning: depressed mood most of the day, diminished interest or pleasure, significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, diminished ability to think or concentrate, recurrent thoughts of death. At least one symptom must be depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure. |
| Think 'SIGECAPS' as a mnemonic: Sleep, Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor, Suicidal. |
| 2 | What is the duration criterion for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in DSM-5? | Anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months about a number of events or activities. | Remember '6 months' as the minimum duration for GAD diagnosis. |
| 3 | Which symptoms are required for a diagnosis of Schizophrenia in DSM-5? | Two or more of the following symptoms for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period, with at least one being delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms (flat affect, alogia, avolition). | Focus on the presence of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) plus negative symptoms. |
| 4 | What are the criteria for a diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder? | At least one manic episode lasting at least 1 week (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary), characterized by abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased activity or energy, with at least three additional symptoms such as inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, talkativeness, flight of ideas, distractibility, increased goal-directed activity, or risky behaviors. | Remember 'I' for 'Irritable' and '1 week' duration for mania. |
| 5 | How does DSM-5 define Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)? | Presence of obsessions (intrusive, unwanted thoughts) and/or compulsions (repetitive behaviors or mental acts) that are time-consuming (more than 1 hour per day) and cause significant distress or impairment. | Obsessions are intrusive thoughts; compulsions are behaviors to reduce anxiety. |
| 6 | What is the key feature differentiating Panic Disorder from other anxiety disorders? | Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks—sudden episodes of intense fear with physical symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath—followed by at least one month of concern about additional attacks or behavioral changes to avoid them. | Focus on 'unexpected panic attacks' as the hallmark feature. |
| 7 | What are the DSM-5 criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)? | Exposure to traumatic event with intrusion symptoms (e.g., flashbacks, nightmares), avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and marked alterations in arousal and reactivity, lasting more than 1 month and causing significant distress or impairment. | Remember 'trauma + 1 month + distress' as key components. |
| 8 | What distinguishes Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in DSM-5 criteria? | Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, present from early developmental period, causing clinically significant impairment. | Think 'social deficits + repetitive behaviors.' |
| 9 | What are the diagnostic criteria for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? | A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity lasting at least 6 months, with several symptoms present before age 12, occurring in two or more settings, and causing impairment. | Remember 'before age 12' and 'multiple settings'. |
| 10 | How does DSM-5 define Anorexia Nervosa? | Restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and disturbance in the way one's body weight or shape is experienced, or undue influence of body weight on self-evaluation. | Focus on 'restrictive eating + fear of weight gain.' |
| 11 | What are the criteria for diagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)? | A pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, along with marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts, indicated by five or more symptoms such as frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, unstable relationships, identity disturbance, impulsivity, suicidal behavior, affective instability, chronic feelings of emptiness, intense anger, and transient paranoia or dissociation. | Think 'unstable relationships + self-image + emotions.' |
| 12 | What is the DSM-5 criterion for Conduct Disorder? | A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior where the basic rights of others or societal norms are violated, evidenced by at least three of 15 criteria in the past 12 months, with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months. Types include aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. | Focus on 'violations of rights and norms.' |
| 13 | What are the core features of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)? | The presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities, accompanied by gaps in memory for everyday events, personal information, or traumatic events, causing distress or impairment. | Think 'multiple identities + memory gaps.' |
| 14 | What is the DSM-5's criterion for Insomnia Disorder? | Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or non-restorative sleep, occurring at least 3 nights per week for at least 3 months, despite adequate opportunity for sleep, causing distress or impairment. | Remember '3 nights per week for 3 months.' |
| 15 | Which symptoms are characteristic of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)? | A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months, with four or more symptoms such as losing temper, arguing with authority figures, defying rules, deliberately annoying others, blaming others, being touchy or angry, and spitefulness. | Think 'defiance + irritability.' |
| 16 | How does DSM-5 define Substance Use Disorder? | A problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of 11 criteria within a 12-month period, such as impaired control, social impairment, risky use, and pharmacological criteria (tolerance or withdrawal). | Remember '2+ symptoms in 12 months' for diagnosis. |
| 17 | What are the core features required for a diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder in DSM-IV, now encompassed in ASD in DSM-5? | Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, present from early childhood, causing clinically significant impairment. | See previous ASD criteria for details. |
| 18 | What are the DSM-5 criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder in children? | Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figures, lasting at least 4 weeks in children, with symptoms such as distress when anticipating separation, refusal to go out, fear of being alone, and physical complaints when separated. | Focus on 'excessive fear of separation' in children. |
| 19 | What defines the severity of a Panic Attack according to DSM-5? | A sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes, with four or more physical or cognitive symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, chills, paresthesias, derealization, or fear of losing control or dying. | Remember 'peak within minutes' and '4+ symptoms.' |
| 20 | What are the key features of Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Development Disorder) in DSM-5? | Deficits in intellectual functions (reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, academic learning, experience of learning) confirmed by clinical assessment and standardized testing, with deficits in adaptive functioning across conceptual, social, and practical domains, beginning during the developmental period. | Focus on 'intellectual and adaptive deficits from early life.' |
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