What is the first stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development, and what is its main crisis?
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By mastering this deck, you'll understand the sequential challenges individuals face throughout life, enabling you to analyze personality development and psychosocial dynamics in various contexts such as counseling, education, and personal growth.
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| 1 | What is the first stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development, and what is its main crisis? |
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Memorize Erikson’s stages, psychosocial crises, and their impact on personality development from infancy to old age.
Trust vs. Mistrust; the main crisis is developing a sense of reliability and security in caregivers and the environment during infancy. |
| Think of infancy as the time to build trust, like a tiny seed growing into trust. |
| 2 | During which stage does Erikson propose children develop a sense of autonomy, and what is the crisis involved? | Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt; this occurs in early childhood (1-3 years), and the crisis is developing independence while managing shame and doubt about their abilities. | Think of toddlers asserting independence—'me do it!' |
| 3 | What is the psychosocial crisis of the preschool age (3-6 years)? | Initiative vs. Guilt; children learn to initiate activities and assert control, with guilt arising if they are discouraged or criticized for their initiatives. | Imagine children starting projects—confidence vs. guilt. |
| 4 | In Erikson’s theory, what is the key challenge during school age (6-12 years)? | Industry vs. Inferiority; children develop a sense of competence through school and social activities, or feel inferior if they fail to succeed. | Think of children learning skills—building industry or feeling inferior. |
| 5 | What is the primary psychosocial crisis during adolescence (12-18 years)? | Identity vs. Role Confusion; adolescents explore personal identity and sense of self, resolving whether they are a cohesive individual or experience confusion about their role. | Remember: 'Who am I?' is the central question. |
| 6 | Which stage involves establishing intimate relationships and what is its crisis? | Intimacy vs. Isolation; occurring in young adulthood (20s-40s), the crisis is forming loving, committed relationships or experiencing loneliness and social withdrawal. | Think of building lifelong bonds—intimacy. |
| 7 | What is the main challenge faced during the stage of generativity vs. stagnation? | Middle adulthood (40s-65 years); individuals focus on guiding next generations and contributing to society, or they feel a sense of stagnation and unproductiveness. | Think of leaving a legacy or feeling stuck. |
| 8 | In old age (65+), what is the key psychosocial crisis, and what does it entail? | Ego Integrity vs. Despair; individuals reflect on their life, either achieving a sense of fulfillment and integrity or experiencing regret and despair over missed opportunities. | Reflect on life’s journey—peace or regret. |
| 9 | How does Erikson’s theory explain the development of personality across the lifespan? | It suggests that personality develops through resolving psychosocial crises at each stage, shaping traits, behaviors, and self-perception over time. | Think of each stage as a building block for personality. |
| 10 | Which psychosocial crisis is associated with early childhood, and why is it crucial? | Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt; it's crucial because it lays the foundation for independence and self-control. | Remember: early childhood is about 'me do it!' |
| 11 | Can you name the stage where children begin to develop a sense of purpose and initiative? | Initiative vs. Guilt (preschool age, 3-6 years). | Think of preschoolers eager to start new activities. |
| 12 | What is the significance of resolving the crisis during adolescence, according to Erikson? | It leads to a stable sense of identity, critical for healthy adult relationships and career development. | Think of adolescence as the identity quest. |
| 13 | Describe the conflict faced in the stage of young adulthood. | Intimacy vs. Isolation; the conflict involves forming meaningful, loving relationships versus experiencing loneliness. | Building close bonds is the goal here. |
| 14 | What is the outcome of successfully resolving the stage of integrity vs. despair? | A sense of fulfillment, wisdom, and acceptance of life’s course, leading to peaceful aging. | Reflect on a life well-lived. |
| 15 | How does Erikson’s theory differ from Freud’s in explaining development? | Erikson emphasizes psychosocial crises across the lifespan, whereas Freud focused on psychosexual stages primarily in early childhood. | Think of psychosocial as social challenges across all ages. |
| 16 | What role do social relationships play in Erikson’s stages of development? | They are central; each stage’s crisis involves social interactions that influence personality and identity formation. | Social ties are the thread connecting each stage. |
| 17 | In which stage is the concept of 'generativity' most relevant, and what does it mean? | Middle adulthood (40s-60s); 'generativity' involves guiding the next generation and contributing to society. | Think of leaving a legacy. |
| 18 | What is the psychosocial crisis in old age, and what does resolving it involve? | Ego Integrity vs. Despair; it involves reflecting on life with acceptance and satisfaction rather than regrets. | Think of looking back with peace. |
| 19 | How can understanding Erikson’s stages aid in developmental psychology or counseling? | It helps professionals identify which psychosocial crises individuals are facing at different ages, guiding targeted support and interventions. | Use it as a developmental map. |
| 20 | Describe the importance of 'trust' in early childhood development according to Erikson. | Trust builds a foundation for healthy relationships and confidence; failure leads to mistrust and insecurity. | Think of trust as the first step in emotional security. |
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