What was the primary aim of Harry Harlow's wire and cloth surrogate mother experiments with rhesus monkeys?
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By mastering these studies, you'll gain a deep understanding of foundational experiments that shaped developmental psychology, enabling you to critically analyze theories and apply empirical evidence to real-world developmental issues.
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| 1 | What was the primary aim of Harry Harlow's wire and cloth surrogate mother experiments with rhesus monkeys? |
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Review landmark research like the Harlow monkey experiments and others to understand their implications for development theories.
Harlow aimed to investigate the importance of caregiving and companionship in social and emotional development, specifically whether comfort or nourishment was more critical for attachment. |
| Think about attachment and comfort versus feeding |
| 2 | What did Harlow’s experiments reveal about the nature of attachment in primates? | They showed that comfort and contact are more critical for attachment than mere nourishment, highlighting the importance of emotional bonds in development. | Attachment = comfort first |
| 3 | Which famous experiment by John Bowlby emphasized the importance of early attachment for healthy emotional development? | The Bowlby attachment theory, which proposed that early relationships with caregivers shape later social and emotional functioning. | Bowlby = attachment bonds |
| 4 | What methodology did Bandura use in his famous Bobo doll experiment? | Bandura used observational learning by exposing children to aggressive models and measuring their subsequent aggressive behavior toward a Bobo doll. | Think observational learning and imitation |
| 5 | What was the key finding of Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment? | Children who observed aggressive models were more likely to imitate aggressive behavior, demonstrating the power of observational learning. | Modeling aggression |
| 6 | In the Strange Situation experiment, what behavior indicates secure attachment? | Children explore freely when the caregiver is present and seek comfort when the caregiver returns, showing trust and confidence in the caregiver. | Secure attachment = explore + seek comfort |
| 7 | Who conducted the 'Strange Situation' experiment and what developmental concept did it assess? | Mary Ainsworth conducted it to assess different attachment styles in infants based on their responses to separations and reunions with their caregiver. | Ainsworth = attachment styles |
| 8 | What was the focus of Konrad Lorenz's work with geese and imprinting? | Lorenz studied how young animals form attachments during a critical period, demonstrating that imprinting occurs rapidly after birth and influences future behavior. | Imprinting = rapid attachment in critical period |
| 9 | What did the 'Visual Cliff' experiment demonstrate about infant perception and depth perception? | It showed that by the age of 6-14 months, most infants can perceive depth and will avoid the 'deep' side, indicating early development of visual perception. | Visual cliff = depth perception onset |
| 10 | What was the significance of the 'Robbers Cave' experiment conducted by Muzafer Sherif? | It demonstrated how intergroup conflict can arise and be reduced through cooperative activities, illustrating social development and group dynamics. | Robbers Cave = group conflict reduction |
| 11 | What is the main conclusion from the 'Harlow & Harlow' studies regarding social isolation in monkeys? | Social isolation causes severe emotional and developmental deficits, emphasizing the necessity of social interaction for healthy development. | Isolation harms development |
| 12 | Which experiment demonstrated that children learn aggression through observation, and what was its impact on social learning theory? | Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment; it supported the idea that behavior is learned through modeling and imitation, foundational for social learning theory. | Modeling = learned aggression |
| 13 | What did the 'Twin Study' by Thomas Bouchard reveal about genetic influences on intelligence? | It showed high correlations between identical twins raised apart, indicating a significant genetic contribution to intelligence, though environment also plays a role. | Twins = nature + nurture |
| 14 | How did the 'Visual Cliff' experiment contribute to understanding infant development? | It provided evidence that depth perception develops in infancy, influencing theories about sensory and perceptual development. | Depth perception by months |
| 15 | What was the key ethical concern raised by the Harlow experiments today? | The experiments involved significant emotional and physical distress to the monkeys, raising questions about animal welfare and ethical research practices. | Harlow = ethical debates |
| 16 | Which researcher is best known for establishing the concept of critical periods in development? | Konrad Lorenz, who studied imprinting in geese, highlighted the existence of time-sensitive windows for certain types of learning. | Critical periods = Lorenz |
| 17 | What does the 'Mirror Self-Recognition Test' assess in developmental studies? | It assesses self-awareness, typically emerging around 18-24 months in children and in some animals, indicating cognitive development related to self-recognition. | Mirror test = self-awareness |
| 18 | What is a major implication of Harlow’s experiments for understanding human attachment? | They suggest that emotional comfort and contact are vital for healthy attachment and development, influencing caregiving practices. | Harlow = contact essential |
| 19 | How did the 'Robbers Cave' experiment demonstrate the effect of shared goals on group conflict? | Superordinate goals that require cooperation reduce intergroup hostility, illustrating conflict resolution strategies. | Shared goals = reduce conflict |
| 20 | What was the primary contribution of Harry Harlow’s experiments to attachment theory? | They emphasized that attachment is driven more by comfort and contact than by nourishment, shaping modern understanding of emotional bonds. | Harlow = contact > food |
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