Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis and what is his main contribution to personality theory?
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Mastering this deck provides a solid foundation to understand various perspectives on personality development, enabling you to analyze personality theories critically and apply assessment methods effectively in clinical or research settings.
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| 1 | Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis and what is his main contribution to personality theory? |
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Learn core theories and theorists (Freud, Rogers, Allport) to understand different views of personality development and assessment.
Sigmund Freud is considered the father of psychoanalysis. He proposed that personality is shaped by unconscious conflicts among the id, ego, and superego, and emphasized the importance of early childhood experiences. |
| Father of psychoanalysis = Freud |
| 2 | What are the three components of Freud's structural model of personality? | The id (primitive instincts), ego (reality mediator), and superego (moral conscience). | Think of a trinity within the mind |
| 3 | What is Carl Rogers known for in personality psychology? | Carl Rogers is known for developing humanistic theory, emphasizing self-actualization, unconditional positive regard, and the importance of the self-concept in personality development. | Humanistic psychologist and client-centered therapy |
| 4 | Define 'self-actualization' as proposed by Rogers. | Self-actualization is the innate drive to realize one’s full potential and develop one’s talents and capacities. | Think of reaching your highest potential |
| 5 | What was Gordon Allport’s main contribution to personality psychology? | Gordon Allport emphasized the importance of individual traits and introduced the concept of cardinal, central, and secondary traits that shape personality. | Trait theorist who focused on individual differences |
| 6 | What are 'traits' according to Allport? | Traits are consistent personality characteristics that influence behavior across different situations. | Traits = enduring characteristics |
| 7 | How does Freud's view of personality development differ from Rogers' humanistic perspective? | Freud focused on unconscious conflicts and early childhood influences shaping personality, while Rogers emphasized conscious self-awareness, growth, and the innate drive toward self-actualization. | Unconscious conflicts vs. conscious growth |
| 8 | What is an example of a defense mechanism proposed by Freud? | Repression, which involves unconsciously blocking unpleasant thoughts or desires from conscious awareness. | Repress = push down |
| 9 | Name two common defense mechanisms identified by Freud. | Repression and projection. | Defense mechanisms are ways the ego copes with conflict |
| 10 | What is the key difference between Freud's psychodynamic theory and Allport's trait theory? | Freud's theory emphasizes unconscious processes and conflicts, whereas Allport's trait theory focuses on observable, enduring personality traits. | Unconscious vs. traits |
| 11 | Which personality assessment method is most aligned with trait theories like those of Allport? | Self-report questionnaires, such as the NEO-PI-R, which measure individual traits. | Questionnaires assess traits directly |
| 12 | How does Rogers view the concept of the 'ideal self' in personality development? | The 'ideal self' represents the person one aspires to be; congruence between the actual self and ideal self leads to psychological well-being. | Ideal self = who you want to be |
| 13 | What does Freud mean by 'unconscious' in personality theory? | The unconscious contains thoughts, feelings, and desires that are outside of conscious awareness but influence behavior. | Outside of awareness |
| 14 | What role does childhood play in Freud's theory of personality development? | Freud believed early childhood experiences are critical in shaping personality through stages like oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. | Childhood stages influence adult personality |
| 15 | What is the primary goal of humanistic therapy as proposed by Rogers? | To facilitate personal growth and self-acceptance by providing unconditional positive regard and empathetic understanding. | Therapy focused on growth |
| 16 | What does Allport mean by 'central traits'? | Traits that are characteristic of an individual and form the core of their personality, such as honesty or shyness. | Core traits |
| 17 | How do Freud's defense mechanisms serve to protect the ego? | They reduce anxiety by distorting or denying reality, helping the individual cope with internal conflicts. | Ego's coping strategies |
| 18 | What is meant by 'self-concept' in Rogers' humanistic theory? | Self-concept is the organized, consistent perception of oneself, which influences behavior and personality. | Your view of yourself |
| 19 | Which theorist proposed that personality is largely shaped by unconscious drives and early childhood experiences? | Sigmund Freud | Unconscious drives + early childhood |
| 20 | What is the significance of the 'real self' in Rogers' theory? | The 'real self' is the authentic self that promotes growth; congruence between real and ideal self leads to psychological health. | Authentic self |
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